A105 Carbon Lap Joint flange

 Key Components and Types of Flanges

1. **Blind Flange**:
- Used to seal the end of a pipe, valve, or pressure vessel.
- It does not have a bore and is used to block off the flow of fluids or gases.

2. **Weld Neck Flange**:
- Features a long tapered hub that can be welded to a pipe.
- Provides a smooth transition from the flange to the pipe, reducing turbulence and erosion.

3. **Slip-On Flange**:
- Slides over the pipe and is then fillet-welded to the pipe.
- Easier to align and weld than a weld neck flange, but it provides less strength.

4. **Socket Weld Flange**:
- Has a socket into which the pipe is inserted and then fillet-welded.
- Suitable for small diameter, high-pressure applications.

5. **Threaded (Screwed) Flange**:
- Has threads inside the flange bore that match the external threads on the pipe.
- Easy to install and remove, but not suitable for high-temperature or high-pressure applications.

6. **Lap Joint Flange**:
- Used with a stub end, which is butt-welded to the pipe.
- The lap joint flange slides over the stub end and is bolted to another flange.
- Allows for easy alignment and disassembly.

7. **Orifice Flange**:
- Designed to hold an orifice plate, which is used to measure the flow rate of fluids.
- Typically comes in pairs and includes special bolts and jackscrews.

8. **Reducing Flange**:
- Used to connect two different pipe sizes.
- One side has a larger bore, and the other side has a smaller bore.

9. **Expanding Flange**:
- Similar to a reducing flange but used to increase the size of the pipe.
- One side has a smaller bore, and the other side has a larger bore.

Applications
- **Piping Systems**: Connecting pipes, valves, and other equipment.
- **Pressure Vessels**: Sealing and connecting vessels in industrial processes.
- **Heat Exchangers**: Attaching to heat exchangers for fluid transfer.
- **Pumps and Compressors**: Connecting to pump and compressor units.
- **Instrumentation**: Mounting instruments like pressure gauges and flow meters.